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To understand the genetic history among chickpea accessions, we resequenced 29 elite varieties from both desi and kabuli genotypes grown around the world, and we conducted genotyping by sequencing of 61 Cicer accessions from ten countries ( Supplementary Table 1). This inbred line is widely cultivated and is resistant to several important fungal diseases, including Ascochyta blight, and insects like pod borer 5. Here we report the draft whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequence of the genotype CDC Frontier, a Canadian kabuli chickpea variety ( Supplementary Fig. Genetic improvement, either by traditional or molecular methods, has been hampered by the limited genomic resources coupled with narrow genetic diversity in the elite gene pool 4. In much of the world, chickpea is cultivated in semi-arid environments and on soils of poor agricultural quality, which, combined with its susceptibility to drought and debilitating fungal diseases, have restricted yields to <1 ton/ha, which is considerably below the theoretical potential. Recent breeding efforts over the past 60 years have been restricted to the limited introduction of diverse germplasm 4. In common with many other widely grown crops, chickpea has a narrow genetic base that has resulted from domestication. Consumption of desi is restricted primarily to the Middle East and Southeast Asia, whereas kabuli is a popular and valuable global commodity. There are two main types of chickpeas: small-seeded desi and larger-seeded kabuli. Originating in southeast Turkey and Syria, chickpea was one of the founder crops of modern agriculture 2, 3. Soybean ( Glycine max) and its allied species are more distant relations of chickpea. Within this subfamily, chickpea is most closely related to crops such as alfalfa ( Medicago sativa), clover ( Trifolium spp.), pea ( Pisum sativum), lentil ( Lens culinaris), and the model legumes barrel medic ( Medicago truncatula) and Lotus japonicus.
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Chickpea is a member of the Papilionoid subfamily of legumes, a clade that contains essentially all of the important legume crops. Its cultivation is of particular importance to food security in the developing world where, owing to its capacity for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, chickpea seeds are a primary source of human dietary protein 1. The staple crop chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) (2 n = 2 x = 16) is the world's second most widely grown legume. Nature Biotechnology volume 31, pages 240–246 ( 2013) Cite this article Draft genome sequence of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) provides a resource for trait improvement